X>iHG 


University  of  California  •  Berkeley 


« 

;  a  ! 


COL.  FRED  CUMMINS 


"Chief  La-Ko-Ta" 

IN     THE     SADDLE 

The  only   man  with  whom  the  Goverment  intrusted  all  the  famous  Indian 
Chiefs,  including  Chief  Geronimo  and  his  band  of  Apaches,  prisoners  of  war 

TOLD  BY  RICHMOND  C.  HILL 


PRICE  TEN  CENTS 


m 


GERONIMO 


COL.  CUMMINS 


GEN.  MILES 


ROCKY  BEAR 


FOUR    CELEBRITIES 

Geronimo,  the  Apache  Chief.     General  Nelson  A.  Miles, 

U.  S.  A.,      Rocky  Bear,  Sioux  Chief,  and 

Colonel  Fred.  Cummins 


GERONIMO 

An  idea  of  the  ferocity  of  this 
noted  Indian  can  be  gained  from 
the  statements  of  General  Crook 
and  General  Miles  regarding  him. 

General  Crook  says:  "Geronimo 
is  a  great  General;"  while  General 
Miles  describes  him  as  "The  Tiger 
of  the  human  race." 


CHIEF  ROCKY  BEAR 

Chief  Rocky  Bear  had  the  reputa 
tion  of  being  a  great  fighter  when 
his  people  were  on  the  war  path, 
but  at  present  he  is  a  great  leader 
in  council  as  well  as  in  the  "Omaha 
Dance,  "which  is  a  favorite  pastime 
with  the  Indians.  He  was  78  years 
of  age  when  this  picture  was  taken 
in  1901 . 


THRILLING  AND  ROMANTIC  STORY 


OF   THE 


Remarkable  Career,  Extraordinary  Experiences 
Hunting,    Scouting    and    Indian   Adventures    of 


COL.  FRED  CUMMINS 

"Chief  La-Ko-Ta" 

TOLD    BY 

RICHMOND    C.    HILL 

International  Author,  Editor  and  Originator  of  the  Marvelous 
"Pan-American  Exposition"  of  1901 


COPYRIGHT,     1912,    BY    COL.     FRED    T.    CUMMINS 


COL.  FRED  T.  CUMMINS 


">w°       P 

Col.  Fred  Cummins — Chief  La-Ko-Ta 


A  Man   Among  Men" 


PIONEER     DAYS 

"A  ruddy  drop  of -manly  Wood  the  surylny  se<(  outweighs." — EMERSON. 

SINCE  the  earliest  days  of  recorded  history  the  human  race  has  paid  homage  to 
heroism.    Men  never  tire  hearing  recounted  deeds  of  valor  and  acts  of  daring, 
for   courage    and   prowess    are    the    foundation    of    the    lifeblood    and    energy  of 
nations. 

Of  those  nations  which  have  become  dominant  in  the  affairs  of  the  world, 
none  have  been  more  strenuous  in  its  efforts,  more  virile  in  its  expansion,  or  more 
jealous  of  its  national  honor  than  the  United  States  of  America,  whose  history 
teems  with  the  recital  of  deeds  of  the  highest  type  of  heroism,  marvelous  intre 
pidity  and  personal  sacrifice.  Future  historians  may  tell  of  other  Nathan  Hales, 
whose  creeds  will  be  the  same  that  inspired  the  historic  school  teacher  to  exclaim, 
the  hangman's  noose  around  his  neck  while  he  spoke:  "I  regret  that  I  have  but 
one  life  to  give  for  my  country." 

The  patriotism  sounded  from  the  bridge  at  Concord,  which  reverberated  in  gun 
and  cannon  shot  around  the  world,  was  generated  in  the  breasts  of  the  men  who 
followed  the  patriots  of  1776,  and  who  became  the  undaunted  "pathfinders"  of 
this  great  country,  blazing  across  its  trackless  and  hostile  Indian-possessed  prairies, 
through  dreary  wildernesses  and  primeval  forest,  across  the  rugged  and  snow 
capped  Rockies,  along  what  are  now  the  pathways  of  commerce  from  the  Atlantic 
to  the  Pacific. 

It  \vas  such  sturdy  yeomen  and  fearless  pioneers  as  Carson,  Houston,  Fremont, 
Bridger,  the  first  Cummins,  and  later  Ouster,  Cody,  Hickok,  Omahundra,  Crawford 
and  other  fearless  frontiersmen  who  set  along  the  long  line-  across  the  vast 
continent  the  monitory  milestone 3  of  peace,  progress  and  prosperity,  which  at 
the  outset  were  guide  marks  to  the  "prairie  schooners,"  those  famous  land- 
traversing  vessels  which  carried  the  immigrants  and  early  settlers  with  their 
primitive  outfits  westward,  bearing  with  all  the  seeds  of  civilization,  the  ineffable 
and  boundless  power  of  universal  charity  and  humanitarian  love  which,  have  in 
these  later  days  changed  the  desolate  wilderness  into  a  veritable  garden-land 
of  peace  and  plenty,  into  great  centres  of  commerce  and  industry  and  into  vast 
areas  of  blooming  flowers  and  luscious  fruits,  for  the  advantage,  enlightenment 
and  enjoyment  of  ever-increasing  millions  of  enterprising  citizens. 

Before  the  early  immigrant  braved  the  dangers  of  the  wilderness,  there 
thrived  a  type  of  frontiersman  met  with  infrequently  on  the  banks  of  hitherto 
unknown  streams  and  rivers,  in  the  depths  of  the  forest,  or  the  rocky  recesses  of 
the  mountains^  This  was  the  trapper  of  the  early  days,  memories  of  whose 
courage,  skill  and  cunning  are  recalled  in  the  stories  of  the  pioneers  of  the  forest 
and  plain,  of  Fenimore  Cooper,  the  earliest  and  most  vivid  historian.  Alone, 
independent,  with  undaunted  hearts,  lithe  limbs  and  broad  shoulders,  tireless  and 
fearless,  they  were  imbued  with  the  courage  of  the  lion  and  the  cunning  of  the 
fox,  yet,  withal,  of  most  genial  natures  and  ever  hospitable  and  good 
companions. 

3 


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THE    ELDER    CUMMINS 

Of  this  admirable  class  of  men  was  Hiram  Cummins,  by  turns  pioneer,  trapper 
and  trader,  who,  in  the  exciting  days  of  1849 — the  halcyon  era  of  the  wondrous 
Eldorado  of  the  Golden  West — left  his  home  in  Tennessee,  and  with  his  young 
wife  started  for  the  gold  fields  of  California.  Disposing  of  his  farm  and  chattels 
he  went  to  St.  Louis,  there  voyaging  by  steamboat  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  which 
at  that  time  was  the  main  starting  point  of  adventurous  parties  bound  for  the 
golden  treasure  of  the  Pacific  Slope.  While  halting  at  Fort  Leavenworth, 
Cummins  met  Joe  Pappineau,  a  veteran  French  trapper  from  the  upper  Missouri, 
in  which  region  he  had  just  experienced  a  most  successful  season,  his  catch 
resulting  in  many  bales  of  valuable  furs  which  he  sold  to  good  advantage. 
Pappineau  told  Cummins  that  trapping  was  more  profitable  and  desirable  than 
gold  seeking,  and  persuaded  him  to  join  in  a  trip  to  the  upper  Missouri. 
Cummins,  leaving  his  wife  with  some  friends,  after  buying  a  trapper's  outfit 
and  laying  in  a  good  store  of  supplies,  took  passage  with  Pappineau  on  an  up-river 
boat  to  the  Yellowstone  country.  The  start  was  made  on  the  15th  of  June,  1849. 
Arrived  at  the  trapping  grounds  about  the  middle  of  August,  they  at  once  made 
preparations  for  the  winter  trapping  season.  Game  was  plentiful,  and  Cummins, 
being  apt  and  observant,  soon  developed  into  a  proficient  trapper.  By  spring  he 
was  well  content  that  he  had  followed  Papppineau's  counsel.  The  season  proved 
a  most  profitable  one,  and  when  the  ice  broke  up  the  two  trappers  returned 
towards  St.  Louis  with  many  bales  of  valuable  furs  packed  in  two  large  canoes 
which  they  had  built  in  leisure  moments.  Good  time  was  made  down  stream 
until  the  trappers  reached  Council  Bluffs.  Here  Pappineau  was  taken  ill  and, 
being  unable  to  proceed  further,  was  left  in  the  care  of  some  friendly  Omahas, 
Cummins  proceeding  to  St.  Louis  with  a  halfbreed  named  Jean  Fountainelle,  a 
friend  of  Pappineau 's,  whom  he  had  met  at  Council  Bluffs.  Stopping  at  Fort 
Leavenworth  on  the  way,  Cummins  was  offered  such  a  favorable  price  for  the 
furs  that  he  sold  them  and  consequently  abandoned  the  trip  to  St.  Louis. 

Absent  a  year,  Cummins  was  glad  to  get  back  to  his  wife.  After  a  short 
visit,  with  part  of  the  two  thousand  dollars  which  he  had  realized  from  the  sale 
of  his  furs,  he  purchased  a  trader's  outfit— including  a  stock  of  trading  post 
goods — and  with  his  wife  and  Fountainelle  took  passage  to  Council  Bluffs,  where 
happily  they  found  Pappineau  restored  to  health.  Pappineau  accompanied  them 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Cheyenne,  where  the  party  landed.  After  building  a 
log  cabin  they  started  a  trading  post.  In  a  very  short  time  Hiram  Cummins 
knew  every  Indian  and  trapper  for  two  hundred  miles  around,  and  many  an  old 
hunter  and  trapper,  long  past  the  alloted  span  of  life,  can  recall  the  times  and 
tell  the  story  of  Hiram  Cummins  and  his  trading  post  on  the  Big  Cheyenne. 

In  1857  Cummins  sold  out  his  interest  in  the  Cheyenne  trading  post  to 
Pappineau  and,  with  his  wife,  removed  down  the  river  to  Council  Bluffs,  where 
he  established  a  trading  post  and  opened  a  general  store.  Here,  on  the  banks  of 
the  mighty  Missouri,  in  1859,  was  born  to  the  hardy  trapper  and  his  wife  a  son 
whom  they  named  Frederic,  who  from  this  point  onward,  is  the  chief  character 
of  this  truthful  recital,  which  far  excels  the  marvels  of  fiction. 

THE    COLONEL'S    EARLY    DAYS 

His  father  a  true  son  of  Erin,  and  his  mother  a  charming  daughter  of  Bonnie 
Scotland,  their  inherited  characteristics  and  the  peculiar  influences  that  surrounded 
the  boy's  early  life  combined  to  inspire  a  romantic  spirit,  intensified  as  it  was  by 
his  combined  Celtic  and  Gaelic  origin  and  the  primitive  life  led  by  the  Indians 

5 


(HIEPRED(LOUD. 
—  SIOUX,— 


CHIEF    RED    CLOUD 

The  admiration  which  we  usually  bestow  upon  self-made  men  could 
readily  be  given  to  Chief  Red  Cloud,  for  he  is  a  man  without  heredity,  his 
parents  being  almost  unknown.  He  worked  his  way  up  from  the  ranks. 
An  intense  patriot,  he  possessed  an  equally  intense  hatred  against  the 
whites,  and  could  not  brook  their  encroachments  upon  the  lands  of 
his  people. 

Like  his  famous  contemporary,  Sitting  Bull,  he  would  not  willingly 
part  with  any  land;  their  hunting  grounds  and  grazing  lands  being 
sacred  with  their  homes  and  the  graves  of  their  ancestors.  His  fiery 
oratory  soon  brought  him  a  following  of  kindred  spirits,  and  with  these 
he  took  the  warpath,  they  becoming  known  as  the  Ogalallas.  In  the 
massacre  of  Capt.  Fetterman  and  100  men  in  1866.  he  leaped  from 
obscurity  and  became  the  recognized  war  chief  of  the  Sioux. 

Crafty  and  treacherous  at  all  times,  he  was  deposed  by  Gen.  Crook  at 
the  close  of  the  campaign  against  Sitting  Bull  in  1876,  owing  to  an 
attempted  massacre  of  the  General. 

6 


in  his  youthful  environment  at  the  Post.  For  ten  years  the  f younger  Cummins 
was  brought  into  daily  contact  with  many  Indian  tribes,  including  the  Omahas, 
Pawnees,  Winnebagos  and  Sioux.  When  only  eleven  years  old  he  was  permitted 
to  accompany  YellowT  Smoke,  Chief  of  the  Omahas,  an  old  friend  of  his  father, 
on  the  autumn  buffalo  hunt,  in  which  the  Indians  joined  each  fall  in  order  to 
get  meat  and  robes  for  the  winter.  His  father  had  at  that  time  presented  him 
with  a  Henry  repeating  rifle,  and  when  Yellow  Smoke  sought  him  out  young 
Fred  Cummins  proudly  buckled  about  him  a  hunting  knife  and  revolver,  strapped 
his  rifle  to  his  saddle  mount  and  set  forth  on  his  first  adventure.  Under  the 
special  protection  of  Chief  Yellow  Smoke,  our  young  hero  joined  the  great  band 
of  two  hundred  hunters  followed  by  squaws  and  extra  ponies,  to  a  widespread 
buffalo  range,  in  southwest  Nebraska,  near  to  the  old  camping  ground  of  the 
Omahas  on  the  banks  of  the  Republican  river,  where  at  that  time  the  buffalo 
roamed  in  large  numbers.  Here  camp  was  pitched,  and  the  braves  made  all 
preparations  for  the  hunt  on  the  following  morning.  Just  as  the  sun  dipped 
below  the  horizon  the  evening  meal  was  set ;  the  camp  fires  died  out  and  soon 
the  harvest  moon  lit  up  the  wonderful  scene  of  an  Indian  camp  at  rest.  But  for 
young  Cummins  it  was  not  a  night  of  rest ;  he  was  impatient  for  the  dawn  to 
break,  so  that  he  could  mount  on  his  pony  and  start  on  the  chase.  With  the 
spreading  of  the  reseate  brightness  of  morn  came  the  song  of  the  redskin  hunters 
to  the  God  of  Light,  and  from  the  lodges  of  the  braves  sounded  the  isotonic 
melody,  akin  to  the  morning  song  of  the  ancient  Celts,  who,  in  their  primeval 
forests  of  oak,  sang  to  their  God  Odin.  The  Indian  song,  taken  up  by  the  tribes 
in  unison,  vibrated  a  responsive  chord  in  the  heart  of  the  young  Celt,  and  the 
eyes  of  the  old  Chief  sparkled  as  the  lad,  in  his  piping  treble,  joined  in  the  song 
of  praise :  — 

' '  Hamp  ah  kee  de  no, 

Hamp  ah  kee  de  no, 

Kee  kow  wee  na, 

Kee  kow  wee  na. 

Chow  goo  wash  oo, 
Chow  goo  wash  oo. 
Hamp  bock  ee  iia. 

Chow  goo  wash  oo, 
Hamp  bock  ee  na,   • 
Hamp  ah  kee  de  no. ' ' 

This  rendered  in  English  is  the  morning  song  of  the  Omahas:  — 

The  spirit  of  light  has  come, 

The  spirit  of  light  has  come, 

Arise  from  slumber, 

Arise  from  slumber ; 

Why  is  it  in  the  day  you  sleep? 

The  spirit  of  light  has  come. 

THE    BUFFALO    HUNT 

The  song  of  praise  finished,  camp  fires  were  lighted  and  the  morning  meal 
prepared.  As  the  sun  rose  in  the  east  the  medicine  man  sounded  the  tocsin  for 
the  buffalo  dance.  This  was  started  immediately  the  scouts  had  set  forth  on 
their  way  toward  the  haunts  of  the  bison,  the  custom  being  for  them  to  signal 
back  when  buffalo  were  discovered.  From  early  morn  until  noon  the  dance 

7 


CHIEF  AMERICAN   HORSE 

Chief  American  Horse  with  war  bonnet.  Greatest  Indian  orator,  and 
were  such  a  thing  feasible,  envoy  extraordinary  and  minister  plenipotenti 
ary,  representing  the  Sioux  Nation.  In  speaking  of  the  Great  White 
Father  at  Washington,  he  did  not  express  himself  in  flattering  terms.  On 
the  contrary  he  spoke  of  broken  promises  and  new  promises ;  and,  when 
a  council  of  his  people  again  sent  him  to  Washington,  he  found  a  new 
Great  White  Father.  He  is  not  favorably  impressed  with  our  system  of 
changing  so  often,  as  it  works  great  hardships  on  the  Indians.  He  would 
rather  treat  with  Gen.  Miles,  for  whom  he  shows  great  veneration  and 
respect.  He  says,  ''Gen.  Miles,  him  Great  Chief;  him  Great  Chief  all 
the  time. "  He  is  married  to  a  sister  of  Chiefs  Goes  to  War  and  Hollow 
Horn  Bear. 

.    8 


was  kept  up,  the  medicine  man  continuously  beseeching  the  god  who  rules  the 
buffalo  to  send  a  herd  their  way.  When  the  sun  had  reached  its  zenith  the  signal 
was  seen,  the  dance  was  stopped  and  the  chase  began. 

Eager  among  the  hunters  and  close  to  Chief  Yellow  Smoke  rode  young  Fred 
Cummins,  his  rifle  unslung  and  himself  alert  for  action.  This  was  his  "baptism 
of  tire,"  presaging  the  honor  in  later  years  to  be  bestowed  upon  him  by  the  great 
Sioux  chief,  Red  Cloud,  who  adopted  him  as  the  first  white  "brave"  into  the 
famous  Sioux  nation,  under  the  name  of  "  La-Ko-Ta  or  "Chief  of  all  Indians." 

As  the  Indian  hunters  approached  the  unsuspecting  herd,  the  riders  racing 
down  wind,  orders  were  signaled  to  charge  and  strike  the  left  flank,  which 
movement  caused  the  blind  of  horsemen  to  turn  in  a  circle.  Young  Cummins, 
wheeling  after  the  Chief,  picked  out  a  young  bull,  took  a  steady  aim  and  struck 
the  shaggy  brute  with  his  rifle  shot  just  back  of  the  shoulder,  thus  bringing  down 
his  first  buffalo.  Chief  Yellow  Smoke,  to  identify  the  lad's  accomplishments, 
drove  an  arrow  into  each  bull  brought  down  so  as  to  identify  those  killed  by  his 
young  protege,  and  in  this  way  it  was  ascertained  at  the  conclusion  of  the  hunt 
that  Fred  Cummins  had  four  buffalo  to  his  credit.  On  the  return  to  camp  the 
lad  was  given  an  ovation  by  the  assembled  bucks  and  greeted  with  the  cry  : 
"How  White  Omaha,  How,  Ho\v,  How." 

A  few  weeks  of  buffalo  hunting  completed  the  experience  of  the  boy  for  the 
winter,  and  upon  his  return  home  his  parents  sent  him  to  school,  where  he 
remained  for  six  years,  spending  his  vacations  on  the  prairies  hunting  with 
different  bands  of  friendly  Indians. 

In  the  spring  of  187(5  the  gold  cra/e  struck  the  Black  Hills  and  Hiram 
Cummins  stocked  four  large  wagons  with  goods  and  started  with  his  young  son 
Fred  for  the  scene  of  excitement.  From  Council  Bluffs  they  went  to  Pierre,  a 
fort  on  the  east  side  of  the  Missouri  river,  from  which  point  they  made  a  detour 
to  the  Cheyenne  river,  there  going  into  camp.  In  the  party  was  a  raw-boned 
Missourian  named  Clark,  who  took  delight  in  bullying  his  physical  inferiors.  He 
had  formed  an  enmity  against  young  Cummins,  and  he  took  pleasure  in  annoying 
him  :  but  the  latter,  upon  the  advice  of  his  father,  ignored  the  bully  until  it 
became  normally  impossible  longer  to  endure  Clark's  offensive  manner  without 
appearing  "soft  "  in  the  eyes  of  the  other  freighters. 

FRED    AND    THE    BULLY 

While  Fred  Cummins  was  feeding  his  mules  one  night  one  of  Clark's  mules 
strayed  into  Cummins'  corral  and  was  seen  by  Fred  eating  some  of  the  Cummins' 
feed.  Fred  drove  the  mule  away.  Clark,  seeing  this,  threatened  \iolence  to 
Fred,  but  he  defied  the  bully,  who,  goaded  by  the  taunts  flung  by  his  fellow 
muleteers,  aimed  a  blow  at  Fred,  which  he  cleverly  dodged,  at  the  same  time 
landing  two  telling  blows  on  his  assailant,  bringing  the  fight  to  a  quick  finish 
by  knocking  Clark  down  three  times.  Clark  slunk  away  to  his  wagon,  and  until 
the  party  reached  Deadwood  thereafter  was  silent. 

Hiram  Cummins  sold  his  goods  at  such  a  desirable  profit  that  he  hastened  to 
return  homeward,  and,  having  met  no  unfriendly  Indians  on  the  way  out,  he  did 
not  hesitate  to  leave  Dead\vood-  alone  with  his  boy.  Wending  their  way  across 
the  prairie  they  met  a  caravan  which  reported  "no  Indians,"  but  shortly 
afterward  they  encountered  a  party  of  hostile  red  men  bearing  do\vn  on  them. 
Reaching  a  \vashout  about  ten  feet  wide  and  eight  feet  deep  they  made  a 
barricade  at  one  end  with  wagons  and  prepared  for  a  siege.  The  band  of  Indians, 
numbering  about  twenty-five,  halted  at  a  distance  of  about  five  hundred  yards, 
making  signals  of  peace  which  were  ignored.  The  Indians  then  fiercely  charged, 

9 


CHIEF  HOLLOW  HORN  BEAR 

Hollow  Horn  Bear  is  a  Cheyenne  River  'Sioux,  and  one  of  the  hand 
somest  men  in  his  race.  His  profile  in  spite  of  his  race  reminds  one  of 
Alexander  the  Great,  so  strong  and  chaste  is  its  outline.  He  is  a  brother 
of  Goes  to  War,  and  they  were  in  many  battles  together,  and  is  a  good 
type  of  the  intellectual  and  progressive  man. 


10 


at  the  cost  of  four  of  their  number.  Realizing  the  futility  of  attempting  to  tight 
in  the  open  they  decided  upon  a  cunning  strategic  move,  which  young  Fred 
cleverly  frustrated.  The  Indians  were  bent  upon  reaching  the  creek  and  working 
up  to  the  washout  in  the  dark,  but  just  as  the  sun  was  setting,  young  Cummins 
took  his  Henry  repeater  and  worming  his  way  through  the  sage  brush  came 
stealthily  upon  the  Indians,  who  were  in  full  war  paint,  shot  two  of  them, 
securing  as  trophies  a  scalping  knife  and  bonnet,  which  he  has  preserved  to  this 
day  as  mementos  of  his  first  Indian  battle.  The  appearance  of  a  large  wagon 
train  at  this  juncture  caused  the  hasty  dispersal  of  the  remainder  'of  the  Indians 
and  the  Cummins  party  reached  home  in  safety.  Reaching  Council  Bluffs,  young 
Cummins  attended  a  business  college  during  the  winter  term. 

ENCOUNTER   WITH   A   HIGHWAYMAN 

In  the  following  spring  he  started  out  well  supplied  with  money  by  his 
father  to  see  the  country.  He  went  to  Fort  Benton  and  thence  took  the  stage 
to  Helena.  For  fellow  passengers  he  had  six  men  and  two  women,  all  seeming 
business  people,  with  the  exception  of  one  man  who  had  the  appearance  of  a 
miner.  This  man  happened  •  to  be  Fred's  companion  on  the  rear  seat  of  the 
coach.  Besides  being  nervous  and  fidgety  Fred  observed  that  he  also  carried 
a  large  revolver  inside  his  coat.  When  the  coach  had  travelled  about  twenty 
miles  and  was  passing  around  the  base  of  a  hill  the  man  took  a  paper  from  his 
pocket  which  he  rolled  into  a  ball  and  threw  into  the  road.  Young  Cummins 
had  his  hand  on  his  "Smith  and  Wesson."  in  his  overcoat  pocket,  and  a  few 
minutes  later,  when  a  shot  rang  out  and  the  coach  was  halted,  the  "miner'' 
made  a  grab  for  his  revolver,  but  before  he  could  pull  it  Fred's  gun  was  pressing 
his  ear  as  an  eloquent  warning  to  desist.  All  the  male  passengers  proved  to 
be  armed  and  after  the  first  fusilade  the  bandits  fled.  The  supposed  miner 
proved  to  be  a  much  wanted  hold-up  man  by  the  name  of  Nelson  and  was 
taken  to  Helena  and  there  handed  over  to  the  authorities,  being  later  sentenced 
to  a  term  of  imprisonment  of  twenty  years. 

Fred  Cummins  remained  in  Helena  a  year  and  then  started  into  the  mountains 
on  a  prospecting  trip.  In  the  Coeur  d'Alene  country,  he  secured  some  gold 
from  pockets  in  Some  of  the  creeks  along  the  mountain  side,  eventually  reaching 
the  Snake  Indian  country  where  he  visited  the  Blackfeet  and  Crow  Indians. 
He  returned-  to  Council  Bluffs  where  he  remained  until  the  spring  of  1883,  when 
he  went  to  work  for  the  Wadsworth  Brothers,  assisting  to  convoy  a  herd  of  600 
head  of  stock  cows  of  the  E.  L.  7  L.  brand  to  the  Wadsworth  ranch  on  the  dry 
fork  of  the  Little  Missouri  River  in  Montana,  which  lies  southwest  of  the 
celebrated  ranch  of  the  Marquis  de  Mores. 

AMONG   THE   RED    MEN 

From  Montana,  young  Cummins  went  to  Standing  Rock  Agency,  where  he" 
met  Chief  Sitting  Bull,  Chief  Gall,  Rain  in  the  Face,  Antelope,  and  many  other 
noted  Sioux  Indian  braves  who  were  then  at  Fort  Yates.  After  this,  Fred 
Cummins  enlarged  his  experience  by  breaking  horses  for  a  Frenchman  named 
Archambeau,  at  Beaver  Creek,  who,  in  lieu  of  monetary  pay,  gave  Cummins  a 
fine  horse  and  a  richly  ornamented  saddle.  From  thence  he  went  on  a  visit  to 
the  Indians  at  Grand  river,  staying  with  Chief  Red  Cloud,  who  was  later  to  be 
his  foster  father,  for  a  month  at  Pine  Ridge.  Returning  again  to  Council 
Bluffs,  he  visited  there  his  old  friends  the  WTinnebago  and  Omaha  Indians  for 
a  while  and  then  returned  home. 

11 


A    RED    NAPOLEON 

The  Only   Chief  That  Ever  Adopted  Civilized  Tactics 
and    Clemency 


COLONEL    FRED  CUMMINS  AND  CHIEF  JOSEPH 

Chief  Joseph  the  War  Chief  of  the  Nez  Ferces  who  captured 
Lieutenant  Jerome.  A  short  while  thereafter  Joseph  was  captured  by 
General  O.  O.  Howard  and  they  were  exchanged  as  prisoners  of  war. 


ia 


At  intervals  our  whilom  young  friend,  but  now  known  as  Colonel  Fred 
Cummins,  had  been  heard  of  in  the  capacity  of  scout,  friend  of  the  Indians,  and 
gallant  soldier  of  fortune,  until  he  appeared  in  his  proper  glory  in  the  limelight 
of  publicity  as  one  of  the  Directors  and  General  Managers  of  the  Great  Indian 
Congress  of  thirty-one  tribes,  held  at  the  Trans-Mississippi  Exposition  at  Omaha, 
Nebraska,  in  1898  and  also  in  the  same  capacity  at  the  Omaha  Greater  Amer 
ican  Exposition  in  1899.  While  there  Colonel  Cummins  conceived  the  idea  of 
producing  at  the  remarkable  Pan  American  Exposition,  which  was  to  be  held 
at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  in  1901,  the  greatest  gathering  of  noted  Indian  chiefs  and  their 
tribes  that  could  be  segregated  in  North  America.  He  worked  indefatigably  to 
compass  this  great  enterprise  and  to  carry  out  his  effort  to  present  to  the  people 
of  the  world  the  best  representatives  of  the  leaders  and  chiefs  of  the  fast  depart 
ing  tribes  of  the  aborigines  of  America.  In  this  he  was  remarkably  successful. 
Surrounding  himself  with  a  competent  staff  of  assistants  he  succeeded  in  securing 
delegations  with  their  leading  chieftains  from  forty-two  different  tribes  of  North 
American  Indians. 

Ethiiologically  and  historically  speaking  this  great  and  unexampled  assemblage 
or  ' '  Congress ' '  of  notable  Indians  was  freely  endorsed  as  the  greatest  Ethnological 
aggregation  ever  brought  together  in  the  history  of  the  United  States,  not 
excepting  the  famous  assemblage  of  Indians  by  Sir  William  Johnson,  who  called 
together  the  chiefs  of  all  the  then  known  tribes  of  North  America  at  Fort  Niagara 
in  1765 ;  and  therefore  more  notable  from  the  fact  of  thus  bringing  together  the 
survivors  of  the  great  chiefs  of  a  fast  declining  race.  This  remarkable  aggregation 
was  visited  and  pronounced  the  most  interesting  and  educational  ever  produced, 
by  the  German  Emperor,  Kaiser  WTilhelm,  Colonel  Theodore  Roosevelt,  Secretary 
of  War  Elihu  Root,  Admiral  Dewey,  Generals  Nelson  A.  Miles,  Joe  Wheeler, 
Commander  in  Chief  Leonard  Wood  and  many  other  military  men  and  civilians 
of  prominence. 

NOTED    RED    MEN 

Among  the  many  noted  Indians  who  attended  this  remarkable  Congress  was 
the  dreaded  Chief  Geronimo,  and  his  extraordinary  tribe  of  Apaches.  General 
Miles  spoke  of  Geronimo  as  "The  Human  Tiger."  The  entire  tribe  of  Apaches 
were  and  still  are  the  only  American  prisoners  of  war,  and  Colonel  Cummins 
has  had  the  distinction  of  being  the  sole  director  to  whom  the  United  States 
Government  has  entrusted  Geronimo  and  his  Apache  followers,  without  even 
demanding  bond  for  their  safe  keeping.  The  same  condition  applied  in  the  case 
of  Chief  Joseph,  the  great  leader  of  the  Nez  Perces,  who  captured  Lieutenant 
Jerome  ;  and  Chief  Joseph  himself,  otherwise  "Thunder  Rolling  Thro'  the  Moun 
tains,"  was  captured  by  General  O.  O.  Howard  and  subsequently  General  Miles 
exchanged  Chief  Joseph  as  a  prisoner  of  war  for  Lieutenant  Jerome  and  the 
two  fighting  men  did  not  meet  again  until  Colonel  Jerome  saw  Chief  Joseph 
with  Colonel  Cummins'  Indian  Congress  at  the  Madison  Square  Garden,  New 
York,  in  1908,  where  they  embraced,  parting  as  friends  "until  death."  The 
same  privilege  was  extended  to  Colonel  Cummins  in  the  case  of  the  famous 
Sioux  War  Chief  Red  Cloud,  and  to  no  other  man  in  the  WTild  West  Exhibition 
business  has  been  entrusted  these  Indians  of  equal  fame.  Others  entrusted  to 
Colonel  Cummins  have  been  :  Chief  Little  Wound,  the  Gladstone  of  the  Sioux 
Nation ;  Chief  American  Horse,  Chief  Red  Shirt  of  the  Sioux,  Chief  Black  Bird 
of  the  Omahas,  Chief  Long  Tail  of  the  Winnebagos,  Chief  Hole  in  the  Day, 
Chief  Wolf  Robe  of  the  Cheyennes,  Chief  Calico  of  the  Crows,  Chief  Blue  Horse, 
Chief  Flat  Iron,  Chief  Two  Strikes,  Chief  Rocky  Bear,  who  was  in  the  Custer 
massacre,  and  many  others  of  equal  note. 

13 


"CALAMITY    JANE" 


14 


Colonel  Cummins  also  had  "  CALAMITY  JANE  "  with  his  exhibition. 
"Calamity  Jane"  who  wras  known  for  her  daring  and  courage  as  a  spy,  during 
the  Civil  War,  wearing  men's  garments.  A  suit  of  buckskins  which  she  wore  is 
now  in  the  possession  of  Colonel  Cummins.  Much  could  be  said  of  Calamity  Jane 
if  space  would  permit.  Her  exploits  and  experiences  deserve  ample  recognition 
in  history.  She  was  never  connected  with  any  other  public  exhibition.  Colonel 
Cummins'  great  Indian  Congress  was  visited  by  many  noted  people  of  both  the  old 
wTorld  and  the  ne\v.  While  holding  the  Congress  in  1901,  Colonel  Cummins  was 
visited  at  the  Pan  American  Exposition,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  by  Ex-Governor  Francis, 
President  of  the  St.  Louis  World's  fair,  with  a  numerous  delegation  of  Directors 
of  that  prodigious  Fair,  and  was  unanimously  requested  to  reproduce  his  Indian 
Congress  in  St.  Louis  in  1004,  he  being  pledged  their  best  wishes  and  hearty 
support.  To  this  appeal  the  Colonel  modestly  said  he  had  been  greatly  honored, 
and  would  give  his  entire  time  and  make  a  great  effort  to  reproduce  his  Indian 
Congress  in  such  a  manner  as  would  be  a  credit  to,  and  one  of  the  crowning 
features  of  the  great  Missouri  Exposition. 

At  the  close  of  the  Pan-American  Exposition  in  11)01  he  was  urged  by  the 
different  Indian  Chiefs  to  visit  them  personally  during  the  ensuing  winter  at 
their  different  reservations  in  the  Far  West,  which  invitation  he  gladly  accepted. 

While  visiting  what  remained  of  the  once  great  Sioux  nation,  he  was 
greatly  honored  by  being  adopted  by  the  venerable  Chief  Red  Cloud  as  his  son. 
and  was  afterwards  received  by  the  entire  Sioux  tribe  as  a  brother,  and  was 
elected,  with  full  honors,  a  Chief  and  permitted  to  sit  beside  his  Indian  father 
in  Grand  Council,  an  Indian  honor  never  bestowed  upon  an}*  white  man.  He 
was  given  the  name  of  Chief  La-Ko-Ta,  which  means  "Chief  of  all  Indians." 

HOW  COL.   CUMMINS   BECAME   A   RED    MAN 

A  description  of  the  manner  and  ceremonials  incident  to  the  initiation  of 
Colonel  Cummins  into  a  bona  fide  great  tribe  of  American  Indians  may  be  of 
interest  to  the  members  of  the  modern  Order  of  Red  Men  as  well  as  to  the  general 
public. 

On  the  appointed  day  Chief  Red  Cloud  sent  out  riders  to  all  parts  of  the 
Sioux  nation  to  make  known  to  his  people  that  he  was  about  to  adopt  a  son  and 
that  he  requested  them  to  be  present  at  the  ceremonies,  advising  them  that  when 
the  great  face  of  the  Night  Sun  was  full  all  should  meet  at  the  tepee  of  the 
Great  Chief.  On  the  second  day  the  Indians  began  to  arrive,  pitching  their 
tepees  in  a  widespread  circle,  surrounding  the  Chief's  lodge,  leaving  a  two 
acre  square  space  in  the  center.  It  being  now  the  fourth  day  and  the  entire 
territory  for  a  mile  around  being  covered  with  tepees,  great  preparations  were 
bfing  made:  the  Night  Sun  (the  moon),  was  now  full,  great  fires  were  burning 
and  the  Indians  were  hurrying  to  and  fro  among  the  tepees,  while  in  the  Chief's 
lodge  they  were  preparing  for  the  ceremonies.  There  were  large  kettles  hanging 
over  the  fires  at  one  side  of  the  square  and  the  squaws  were  busy  cooking  the 
meat  of  ten  beeves.  In  the  centre  of.  the  square  burned  one  small  fire.  This 
was  the  sacred  or  ceremonial  fire,  it  having  been  ignited  by  the  medicine  man, 
by  holding  a  piece  of  wrood.  about  ten  inches  long  and  one  inch  in  diameter, 
between  the  palms  of  his  hands  and  rolling  the  point  on  a  flat  piece  of  wood 
on  the  ground.  The  friction  resulted  in  sparks  from  which  the  sacred  fire  was 
lit.  Over  this  fire  was  suspended  a  kettle  containing  the  meat  of  a  white  dog 
w*hich  was  being  boiled.  The  silvery  orb  of  night  was  by  this  time  shining 
upon  the  red  "Children  of  the  Great  Spirit."  The  Indians  in  full  paraphernalia 
of  war  paint  and  feathers,  their  gala  attire,  now  gathered  in  the  square.  From 

15 


CHIEF  RED    SHIRT 

Who  wears  a  silver  medal  which  was  presented  to  his  great 
ancestor  by  General  George  Washington,  which  has  been  handed 
down  from  father  to  son.  He  also  has  a  beautiful  silver  snuff 
box  which  was  presented  to  him  by  Prince  Edward,  late  King  of 
England,  both  of  which  he  prizes  most  highly  and  no  inducement 
could  get  him  to  part  with  either  of  them.  He  is  High  Chief  of 
the  Indians  with  Young  Buffalo  Wild  WTest  and  Col.  Fred 
Cummins'  Far  East,  and  glad  to  meet  any  of  his  pale  face  friends. 

This  chief  while  a  great  fighter  in  his  time,  seems  to  hold  some 
what  of  a  reputation  in  his  tribe  as  a  medicine  man  and  this  fact 
makes  him  a  powerful  factor.  He  was  also  in  the  Custer  fight. 


the  tepees  could  be  heard  the  tom-toms  beating;  and  many  voices  crooning  their 
songs  of  joy.  They  gathered  about  the  sacred  fire  and  seated  themselves  in  a 
semicircle  around  the  fire.  The  medicine  man  entered  the  Chief's  lodge  and 
in  a  short  time  came  forth  leading  the  candidate  followed  by  Chief  Red  Cloud 
and  his  family.  Preceding  them  were  singers  who  stalked  around  the  sacred 
fire,  while  the  medicine  man  sang  a  weird  chant  as  he  led  the  white  man 
four  times  around  the  circle.  The  candidate  was  now  disrobed  to  the  waist 
and  the  medicine  man,  with  a  sharp  piece  of  flint  cut  an  incision  in  his  arm, 
from  which  the  blood  flowed  freely.  The  old  Chief  then  bared  his  arm  and  a 
like  incision  was  made,  from  which  blood  was  taken  and  injected  into  the  arm 
of  the  candidate.  The  wound  was  bandaged  and  the  old  Chief  dressed  his  new 
son  in  full  Indian  attire  which  included  a  shirt  of  scalp  locks.  His  face  wras 
painted  and  his  new  Indian  mother  placed  a  robe,  a  young  buffalo  skin,  over 
his  shoulders.  This  robe,  covered  with  hieroglyphics,  emblamatic  of  chieftainship, 
had  been  in  the  family  of  Chief  Red  Cloud  for  many  generations.  The  candidate 
was  now  led  by  his  adoptive  father  to  the  center  of  the  square  where  Seven 
Rabbits,  the  Village  Crier,  in  a  loud  voice  told  the  people  that  their  great  Chief 
had  a  new  son.  Then  went  up  a  mighty  cry,  "He  is  our  Brother."  The  Chief 
strode  forward  and  said  solemnly  :  "  His  name  shall  be  "La-Ko-Ta, "  and  I  make 
him  my  heir:  he  is  a  Chief  and  shall  be  "Chief  of  all  Indians."  The  ceremonial 
feast  was  now  ready  and  the  Indians  ate  the  beef,  the  Chief  with  his  new  son 
and  family  partook  of  the  white  dog  meat  while  the  medicine  man  sat  near, 
singing  a  chant  and  rattling  a  gourd.  After  the  feast  a  characteristic  dance  was 
started  and  continued  until  daylight.  When  the  sun  arose  in  the  eastern  horizon 
all  went  to  their  tepees  to  rest,  the  new  Chief  going  to  the  lodge  of  his  adoptive 
father  where  he  threw  himself  down  upon  a  bed  of  fur  robes  and  blankets,  and, 
tired  but  proud  and  contented,  was  quickly  asleep.  From  that  day  our  hero, 
Fred  T.  Cummins,  has  been  kno\vn  among  all  Indian  tribes  of  the  West  as  Chief 
La-Ko-Ta,  meaning  "Chief  of  all  Indians." 

In  1901  and  1902  Colonel  Cummins  toured  the  New  England  States  with 
his  Indian  Congress  and  Wild  West. 

In  1908  he  exhibited  where,  as  before  mentioned,  the  Great  Chief  Joseph  and 
Colonel  Jerome  met,  in  Madison  Square  Garden,  New  York.  At  the  close  of  the 
Madison  Square  Exhibition,  Colonel  Cummins  devoted  nearly  eight  months  of 
strenuous  and  observant  work  to  visiting  all  of  the  various  Indian  tribes,  beginning 
at  Leach  Lake,  Minnesota,  then  covering  Iowa,  Nebraska,  South  and  North  Dakota, 
Wyoming,  Montana,  Washington,  Idaho,  Utah,  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  Colorado, 
Oklahoma.  Kansas  and  Missouri,  assembling  the  Chiefs  and  carefully  selecting  the 
various  types  of  the  different  tribes. 

A  MIGHTY  CONCOURSE  OF  RED  MEN 

He  appointed  an  interpreter  and  a  capable  man  in  charge  to  escort  them  to  the 
Great  World's  Fair,  St.  Louis,  for  the  opening  of  the  exhibition,  where  the  greatest 
of  all  gatherings  of  Indians  was  held.  It  is  worthy  of  historical  note  that  at 
this  great  exposition,  the  largest  and  most  comprehensive  ever  held  in  the  world, 
Colonel  Cummins  brought  together  the  greatest  and  most  complete  assemblage 
of  noted  Indian  Chiefs  and  representatives  of  fifty-one  tribes  ever  knowrn.  This 
remarkable  event  is  proclaimed  in  history  and  recorded  by  government  officials  as 
the  greatest  ethnological  and  educational  exhibition  of  the  Red  Men  ever  seen.  The 
University  of  Chicago  had  a  number  of  their  artists  pitch  their  tents  in  Colonel 
Cummins'  Indian  encampment,  where  they  stayed  for  more  than  two  weeks, 
making  plaster  casts  of  the  famous  Indian  Chiefs  and  of  the  various  tribes  and 
types  of  the  Indians  gathered  there.  Colonel  Cummins  received  a  letter  of  the 
highest  praise  from  Dr.  McGee  of  the  Smithsonian  Institute,  Washington,  and 
also  from  Professor  Starr  of  the  Chicago  University,  commending  this  great 
Congress.  In  addition  to  this,  he  received  letters  of  hearty  commendation  from 
institutions  and  schools  all  over  the  country,  including  ethnological  associations, 

17 


CHIEF    GOOD    FACE 

Who  wears  a  silver  medal  given  to  his  great  ancestor  by 
President  Thomas  Jefferson,  1802.  Now  with  Young  Buffalo 
Wild  West  and  Col.  Fred  Cummins'  Far  East.  (Combined). 


is 


approving  and   endorsing   his   exhibition   as   a   great   educational   object   lesson 
arid  well  worthy  of  praise  and  public  recognition. 

During  the  following  two  years,  1905  and  1906,  Colonel  Cummins  again 
toured  and  investigated  sections  of  the  United  States.  In  1907  he  sailed  for 
England  where  he  appeared  before  royalty,  aristocracy,  and  many  famous  men  in 
statesmanship,  art,  science  and  literature,  and  financial  affairs.  Subsequently  he 
toured  England,  Ireland,  Scotland  and  Wales,  Belgium,  Germany,  Switzerland, 
France,  and  Italy  through  the  years  1907,  190H,  1909,  1910,  and' 1911. 

ROYAL  RECEPTION    IN    IRELAND 

During  this  extended  trip,  he  was  received  with  great  courtesy  and  considera 
tion.  An  especial  honor  which  Colonel  Cummins  esteems  very  highly,  was  a 
banquet  given  him  at  the  Grand  Central  Hotel,  Belfast,  Ireland.  An  illuminated 
address  (a  copy  of  which  is  printed  on  another  page),  signed  by  the  prominent 
city  officials  and  citizens  of  that  city,  accompanied  by  a  massive  silver  plate 
on  which  were  engraved  the  same  names  in  facsimile,  more  than  fifty  in  all. 
Colonel  Cummins  had  left  Belfast  some  months  previous  to  this  interesting 
occasion,  but  on  invitation  he  returned  to  attend  the  banquet  and  receive  the 
presentation.  He  recalls  his  stay  in  Ireland  as  one  of  the  most  pleasurable  seasons 
in  his  eventful  life. 

But  while  appreciating  the  attractions  of  foreign  countries,  the  home  longing 
became  too  strong  to  resist,  and  after  an  absence  of  five-  years  he  returned  to  the 
United  States.  After  a  brief  breathing  spell,  he  conceived  the  idea  of  adding 
to  his  WILD  WEST  and  INDIAN  CONGRESS  features,  some  of  the  historical 
incidents  and  characters  of  the  FAR  EAST,  resulting  in  a  combination  of  his 
experience  and  interests  with  the  FAMOUS  YOUNG  BUFFALO  WILD  WEST  and 
TEXAS  RANGERS,  for  several  seasons  most  successfully  conducted  by  COLONEL 
VERNON  C.  SEAVER.  This  unequaled  combination  of  exhibitions  as  a  historical, 
ethnological,  educational  and  spectacular  display  is  without  compare  in  the  wide 
world.  It  is  safe  to  predict  that  this  remarkable  public  entertainment  and 
educational  venture,  under  its  title  of  "  YOUNG  BUFFALO  WILD  WEST  and 
COLONEL  CUMMINS'  FAR  EAST,"  will  achieve  fame  and  good  fortune. 


Schenectady,  X.  Y..  April  16,  1912. 


RICHMOND   C.    HILL. 


A  WILD   WEST  CONTINGENT  OF  RED  MEN 
19 


BELFAST,  IRELAND. 

ADDRESS  AND   PRESENTATION   TO 
COLONEL    FREDERIC    T.    CUMMINS 


On  the  Occasion  of  His  Leaving  Belfast  for  London  and  Other 
Places  of  Interest  on  the  Continent  of  Europe 


DEAR  SIR  : 

We  are  constrained  on  the  occasion  of  your  departure  from  Belfast,  to  give 
tangible  expression  of  our  appreciation  of  your  worth.  You  have  been 
amongst  us  for  a  comparatively  limited  period,  but  your  conspicuous  business 
ability,  engaging  personality,  kindly  courtesy,  and  genuineness  of  character  have 
won  our  admiration  and  warm  regard ;  and  this  spontaneous  tribute  is  evidence  of 
ths  esteem  and  affection  in  which  you  are  held  by  those  with  whom  you  came  in 
contact  during  your  short  stay  in  Belfast. 

We  ask  you  to  accept  the  accompanying  piece  of  plate  as  a  token  of  our 
feelings  towards  you  ;  our  regret  at  your  departure ;  our  high  opinion  of  yourself, 
and  our  good  wishes  for  the  future  happiness  and  prosperity  of  yourself 
and  family. 

Signed  on  behalf  of  subscribers  : 

C.  C.  FELSTEAD,  JOHN  McCAUGHEY,  SAM  MARTIN, 

Hon.  Treasurer.  High  Sheriff  for  City  of  P.  WATERS, 

Belfast.  Hon.  Secretaries. 

A.  M.  CARLISLE. 

Privy  Councillor. 

P.  R.  O'CONNELL, 
Knight  D.  L.   Ex-High 
Sheriff. 

THOMAS  H.  SLOAN, 
Member  of  Parliament 
for   South   Division   of 
Belfast. 

JAMES  GRAHAM, 
His  Majesty's  Coroner 
for     City     of     Belfast, 
M.  D.  J.P. 

JOHN  S.  FINNEGAN, 
Alderman,  Solicitor,  etc. 

W.  M.  CLAYTON, 
Assistant  Commissioner 
Royal    Irish   Constabu- 
Dated  at  Belfast  lary.  February,  1909. 


20 


PAINTED  HORSE  OR  SWEATER 

Painted  Horse  or  Sweater,  as  he  is  sometimes  called  among  the  Indians, 
has  a  record  of  eating  the  hearts  of  any  enemy  who  happened  to  fall  his 
victim ;  that  is,  when  his  tribe  was  hostile  and  on  the  war  path.  He 
is  representing  his  tribe,  the  Ogalalla,  Sioux,  at  the  Indian  Congress. 
Painted  Horse,  while  not  a  chief,  is  a  power  in  the  tribe  of  which  he  is 
a  leading  councillor.  He  has  four  bullet  wounds  ;  three  in  the  leg  and 
one  in  the  body.  He  is  with  Young  Buffalo  Wild  West  and  Colonel 
Fred  Cummins'  Far  East.  (Combined). 


DISTINGUISHED    COMMENDATION 


Among  many  men  of  the  highest  rank  and  prominence  in  the  World's  affairs 
who  personally  or  by  letter  signified  their  unqualified  approval  of  Colonel  Fred 
Cummins'  unique  exhibitions  have  been  the  following  :— 


EMPEROR  WILLIAM  OF  GERMANY. 
KING     VICTOR     EMMANUEL     OF 

ITALY. 
THE    LATE    KING    EDWARD    VII 

OF  GREAT  BRITAIN. 
PRINCE  WTILHELM  OF  GERMANY. 
PRINCE  HOHENLOHE  OF  GER 
MANY. 
PRINCE    FRANCESCO     CHIGI     OF 

ITALY. 
FORMER     PRESIDENT     WILLIAM 

McKINLEY. 
FORMER    PRESIDENT    THEODORE 

ROOSEVELT. 
FORMER     SECRETARY     OF    WAR 

ELIHU  ROOT. 

FORMER  COMMANDER  IN  CHIEF 
NELSON  A.  MILES. 

COMMANDER  IN  CHIEF  LEONARD 
WOOD. 

ADMIRAL  GEORGE  DEWEY. 

FORMER  SECRETARY  OF  STATE 
JOHN  HAY. 

GENERAL  T.  C.  CLARKSON,  Presi 
dent  Omaha  Exposition  1898. 

P.  E.  ILER,  President  Greater  Amer 
ican  Exposition  1899. 

JOHN  G.  MILLBURN,  President  Pan 
American  Exposition  1901. 

DAVID  R.  FRANCIS,  President  St. 
Louis  World's  Fair  1904. 

LORD  AND  LADY  MINTO,  Governor 
General  and  his  wife,  of  Canada. 

MINISTER  WU  TING  FANG,  Chinese 
Minister  to  United  States,  his  son 
and  Mr.  Chunn,  Secretary  Chinese 
Legation. 

AMERICAN  BANKERS  ASSOCIA 
TION. 

THE  ORDER  OF  HOO-HOO,  and 
JAMES  S.  BAIRD,  Supreme 
Scrivenoter. 

ELKS  LODGE,  No.  28tOF  BUFFALO. 


WILLIAM    C.  MAYBURY.   Mayor    of 

Detroit. 
NORMAN  E.MACK,Chairnmn  National 

Democratic  Committee. 
WILLIAM    P.   BUCHANAN,  Director 

General  Pan  American  Exposition- 
JOHN  M.  SCATCHARD  of  Buffalo. 
WILLIAM    J.    CONNERS.    Proprietor 

Buffalo  Courier. 
ELLA  WHEELER  WILCOX  (Princess 

WThite    Wings,    so    named    by    the 

great  Apache  Chief,  Geronimo). 
WILLIAM    A.    PINKERTON    of    the 

Pinkerton  Detective  Agency. 
EX-SENATOR  T.  C.  PLATT. 
MAJOR    A.     H.     GREEN,     Assistant 

Adjutant  General  WTar  Department. 
GOVERNOR    JOHN    C.    BRADY    of 

Alaska. 
SENATOR     S.      L.      PATERSON     of 

Waverley,  Ohio. 
SENATOR     JOHN     LAUGHLIN     of 

Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
SUPREME       JUDGE      HENRY      A. 

CHILDS  of  New  York. 
MAJOR  A.  W.  WILLS  of  Tennessee. 
MATTHEW  KIELY  of  Kiely's  Secret 

Service,    Former    Chief    of    Police. 

St.  Louis. 
GEORGE    WT.    WHITMAN,    Chief    of 

Police,  San  Francisco. 
NEW    YORK    BANKERS    ASSOCIA 
TION. 

OPIE  READ,  Famous  Author. 
GENERAL  JOSEPH  WHEELER. 
W.  A.  JONES,  Department  of  Interior, 

Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs. 
A.  S.  WILLIAMS,  Banker,  Nashville. 
UNITED  STATES  SENATOR  PHILIP 

D.  SCOTT,  National  Committeeman 

in  charge  of  the  six  million  dollar 

fund    disbursed    in   behalf    of    the 

Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition. 


MISTRESS  McKINLEY,  Wife  of  our 
beloved  deceased  President. 

M.  E.  INGALLS  of  Cincinnati. 

BIRD  S.  COLER,  Comptroller  of  the 
City  of  New  York. 

GOVERNOR  GEORGE  K.  NASH  of 
Ohio. 

SENATOR  J.  S.  FASSETT  of  Elmira, 
N.  Y. 

HENRY  P.  EMERSON,  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction,  Buffalo. 

THE  MISSES  HELEN  F.  CLARK. 
JEAN  CRAGG  WILSON,  FLOR 
ENCE  M.  WAGNER,  Principals  in 
Buffalo  School  No.  45. 

GOVERNOR  WAR  FIELD  of  Mary 
land. 

OSWALD  TILGHMAL.  Secretary  of 
State,  Maryland 

SENATOR  JOHN  M.  THURSTON  of 
Nebraska. 

GOVERNOR  WILLIAM  A.  STONE 
of  Pennsylvania  (Harrisburg) 

GOVERNOR  B.  B.  ODELL  of  New 
York. 

M.  J.  WESSELS,  Commissioner  of  the 
Lewis  and  Clark  Exposition. 

MR.  LIVINGSTON,  Proprietor  Detroit 
Journal. 

P.  TURNEY,  Governor  of  Tennessee. 

ROBERT  L.  TAYLOR,  U.  S.  Senator 
from  Tennessee. 

HON.  GEORGE  B.  SMITH,  Mayor  of 
Chicago. 

WILLIAM  MCCARTHY,  Mayor  of 
Nashville. 

D.  S.  WILLIAMS,  Banker  of  Nashville. 
CHAMBER       OF       COMMERCE      of 

Nashville. 

WILLIAM  HADEN,  Vice-President  of 
the  Greater  American  Exposition 
1899,  Omaha. 

E.  E.  BASCH,  Cashier  Omaha  National 

Bank. 
S.    A.    CHAMPION,    President    of   the 

Capitol  City  Bank. 
CLAUDE  D.  HOUSE, President  National 

City  Bank,  Chicago. 
WILLIAM       DESMOND,       Desmonds 

National  Secret  Service,  St.  Louis. 


PROFESSOR  W.  J.  MoGEE,  Bureau 
of  Ethnology,  Washington. 

COLONEL  JOHN  A.  JOHNSON,  War 
Department. 

PROFESSOR  FREDERICK  STARR, 
Department  of  Anthropology,  Uni 
versity  of  Chicago. 

HONORABLE  H.  CLAY  EVANS. 

HONORABLE  ROBERT  J.  WYNN, 
Ex-Postmaster  General. 

FRANK    HALL    DAVIS  of  Delaware 

CAPTAIN  RICHARD  PEARSON 
HOBSON. 

GOVERNOR  DURBIN  OF  INDIANA 

CHARLES  E.  WILSON,  Secretary  to 
Governor  Durbin. 

JAMES  SCHERMERHORN,  The  De 
troit  Today,  Detroit. 

WEST  POINT  CADETS,  LIEU 
TENANT  COLONEL  G.C.  TREAT. 

HENRICKS  SCHOOL  of  St.  Louis 

GENERAL  CORBIN  of  the  United 
States  Army. 

GENERAL  GROSVENOR  of  the 
United  States  Army. 

MAJOR  GEORGE  S.  GRIMES  of  the 
United  States  Artillery  Corps. 

CAPTAIN  C.  J.  WOODRUFF  of 
Liverpool,  England,  Charge  of  the 
Boy  Scouts. 

GEORGE  O.  STARR,  Managing  Direc 
tor,  Crystal  Palace,  London. 

JOHN  PAYNE,  Managing  Director, 
Olympia,  London. 

MRS.  REBECCA  OPPENHEIM,  Hull 
House,  Chicago. 

MISS  HELEN  MILLER  GOULD. 

GOODMAN  KING  of  St.  Louis. 

SISTERS  OF  CHARITY,  Buffalo. 

MIKE  SHEA,  Proprietor  Shea's 
Theater,  Buffalo. 

THE  MISSES  ADA  SEE  KINGS, 
ISABELLE  THOMAS,  Principals 
of  Grammar  School  No.  60,  Buffalo. 

EDWARD  L.  MUNSON,  War  Depart 
ment. 

CHRISTIAN  BROTHERS  COLLEGE, 
St.  Louis 

HARRIET  MAXWELL  CONVERSE, 
"YA  IE  WAN  OE"  Chief  New 
York  State  Indians. 

COLONEL  RICHARD  HENRY 
SAVAGE,  Famous  Author. 


And  many  others  that  space  will  not  permit. 
23 


CHIEF   FLAT    IRON 

Flat  Iron  is  another  old  chief  who  is  not  without  a  record  for  his  daring 
encounters  with  not  only  the  whites  but  with  other  daring  bands  of  hostile 
Indians.  When  he  puts  on  all  of  his  war  paint  he  decks  himself  not  only 
with  his  own  individual  honors  and  distinctions  won  by  his  own  bravery, 
but  also  with  the  special  honors  of  his  family  or  tribe.  As  a  matter  of  fact 
each  paint  mark  on  an  Indian's  face  is  a  sign  with  a  definite  meaning  which 
other  Indians  may  read.  Old  Flat  Iron,  as  well  as  a  number  of  other 
members  of  the  Indian  Congress,  possesses  many  marks  of  distinction. 
Some  are  so  well  off  in  this  respect  that,  like  some  English  noblemen,  they 
are  able  to  don  a  new  distinction  for  every  occasion  while  at  times  they  will 
wear  all  their  honors  at  once.  Each  symbol  or  paint  mark  has  a  special 
meaning  of  its  own,  as  you  will  understand  that  the  paint  is  substituted 
for  the  medal  of  honor  and  bravery  won  by  the  white  man. 

And  now  with  Young  Buffalo  Wild  West  and  Col.  Fred  Cummins'  Far 
East.  (Combined). 

24 


COL.   FRED   CUMMINS'    WILD   WEST   AND 

INDIAN   CONGRESS   PARADE 

MANCHESTER,  ENGLAND 


\  L 


COL.  FRED  CUMMINS 

"Chief  La-Ko-Ta" 
Director  General 


COL.  VERNON  C.  SEAVER 
President  and 

General  Manager 


We  Thank  You  for  Your  Patronage 


